Issue N# 2 - 2016
HEAD AND NECK CANCER
Detection and role of humain papilloma virus in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in Yaounde and Douala
Authors : Minka Ngom EGS, Njock LR, Evehe Vokwely JE, Ngo Nonga B, Sosso M, Kamgaing R, Fokouo Fogha V, Ngo Nyéki AR, Asmaou Bouba D, Ndjolo A, Bengono G. (Douala)
Ref. : Rev Laryngol Otol Rhinol. 2016;137,2:53-59.
Article published in french 
Downloadable PDF document french
Summary :
Introduction: The human papillomavirus (HPV) is a DNA virus that belongs to the Papillomaviridae family. The incidence of HPV-induced squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck is very little known in Africa, let alone in Cameroon. This was the reason for the initiation of this preliminary study in order to highlight the HPV viral profile of epidermoid carcinoma of the upper aero-digestive tract in two major cities of Cameroon (Douala and Yaounde). Methodology: This is a prospective, analytical and descriptive study. It lasted 14 months (1st December 2011 to 1st February 2013). All patients with epidermoid carcinoma of the head and neck were included. We excluded only those who refused to commit to the study or who had non-epidermoid carcinomas. The biopsy specimen were stored at -70 ° C and transported in dry ice when taken outside the city of Yaoundé. Detection was done by PCR with Abbott RealTime HR-HPV PCR, using the Abbott m2000rt apparatus for amplification and detection. Data analysis was performed using Epi Info 2011 and Windows Excel 2007 software. Results: We analysed 51 patients with an estimated annual incidence of 0.19%. The mean age was 49 years and the male to female ratio was 1.7/1. We excluded three samples from the analysis of molecular biology data because of deterioration. Risky sexual behaviors were much more prevalent in HPV+ patients, including 61.5% for oral sex, 92.3% for unprotected sex, and 30.7% for multiple sexual partners. HPV+ patients appeared to be less exposed to alcohol-toxic intoxication than HPV- patients. The prevalence of HPV was 27% (95% [CI: 24.5-91.5]). The tumor sites most represented in the HPV+ population are the oropharynx and the oral cavity. Detection of HPV-16 was assessed at 66.7% (95% [CI: 38.6-90.9]), followed by HPV- "other" detected 26.6%, two co-infections of HPV "other" with HPV-16 and HPV-18 at 15.4%. Conclusion: HPV-induced squamous cell carcinomas of the upper aero-digestives tract do exist in our context. Their prevalence seems underestimated in view of the limitations we encountered during the course of this research.
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